Article 53. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article l)
The President of the Republic appoints and dismisses the Ministers among
whom he designates a President for the Council of Ministers; he nominates
to all posts for which the mode of appointment is not otherwise determined
by law; he presides over national official functions.
Article 54. - Each of the acts of the President of the Republic must be
counter- signed by the Minister or Ministers concerned, except however in
the case of the nomination or revocation of a Minister.
Article 55. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 8 May 1929,
article 4)
The President of the Republic may, by motivated decree taken on the
favourable advice of the Council of Ministers, dissolve the Chamber of
Deputies, before the expiry of its term of office.
In this case, the electing bodies are gathered as provided in article 25
and the new Chamber is convened within the fifteen clear days following the
proclamation of the election results.
Article 56. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 30)
The President of the Republic promulgates laws within the calendar month
which follows the communication to the Government of the law definitively
passed; he must promulgate within five clear days those laws whose
promulgation has been declared a matter of urgency by special vote of the
Chamber.
Article 57. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 31)
Within the time-limit fixed for promulgation, the President of the
Republic may once ask for a new debate which may not be denied him.
When the President of the Republic uses this right, he is not bound to
promulgate a law unless this law has been passed by the Chamber after a
second debate by absolute majority of the members legally composing this
Assembly.
Article 58. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October
1927, article 32)
By decree already taken on the favourable advice of the Council of
Ministers, the President of the Republic may render executory any project
which has previously been declared urgent by the Government by the decree
of transmission taken on the favourable advice of the Council of Ministers,
and on which the Chamber has not adjudicated within the forty days
following its communication to the Assembly.
Article 59. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 33 )
The President of the Republic may adjourn the Chamber for a period not
exceeding one month. He may not do so twice in the same session.
Article 60. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article l)
The President of the Republic is not responsible for the acts of his
functions except in cases of breach to the Constitution or high treason.
His responsibility for offences of common law is submitted to ordinary
laws.
For such offences, as for breach of the Constitution and high treason he
may not be impeached except by the Chamber of Deputies deciding by a
two-thirds majority of the members of the whole Assembly; he is tried by
the Higher Court provided in article 80. Public prosecutorship before the
Higher Court is exercised by a magistrate appointed by the highest
jurisdiction, with all the chambers meeting.
Article 61. - When indicted, the President of the Republic is suspended of
his functions and the Presidency is vacant until the Higher Court
adjudicates.
Article 62. - In case of vacancy of the Presidency of the Republic, for
whatever reason this may be, executive power is exercised, provisionally,
by the Council of Ministers.
Article 63. - The civil list of the President of the Republic is
determined by law. During the President's tenure of office it may be
neither increased nor reduced.
Article 70. - The Chamber of Deputies is entitled to arraign Ministers for
high treason or for serious dereliction of their incumbent duties.
Committal for trial may not be decided except by a two-thirds majority of
the whole Assembly. A special law shall determine the civil responsibility
of Ministers.
Article 71. - The Minister committed for trial is judged by the Higher
Court.
Article 72. - The Minister relinquishes his post as soon as he has been
committed for trial. A Minister's resignation does not preclude the
initiation or pursuance of proceedings against him.
TITLE III. -
a) ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
Article 73. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 38)
At least one month and at the latest two months before the expiry of the
powers of the President of the Republic, the Chamber convenes on the
invitation of its Speaker, for the election of a new President.
In default of a convocation, the meeting shall be held as a
matter of right the tenth day before the end of the
President's term of office.
Article 74. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927
article 39)
Article 64. - Ministers assume the higher management of all the State
services pertaining to their respective departments. Each, within his
competence, sees to the enforcement of the laws and regulations.
Article 65. - No one may be a Minister if he is not a Lebanese.
Article 66. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 34)
Ministers are severally responsible before the Chamber for the Government
general policy and individually for their personal acts. The Government's
overall program is prepared and presented to the Chamber by the President
of the Council or by a Minister acting in his name.
Article 67. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 35)
Ministers may come to the Chamber without let or hindrance and make
themselves heard whenever they please. They may seek the assistance of one
or several Civil Servants of their department.
Article 68. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 36)
When, in conformity with article 37, the Chamber declares it has no
confidence in a Minister, this Minister is required to resign.
Article 69. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 8 May 1929, article
5)
Should the presidency become vacant through death, resignation or any
other cause, the Assembly meets immediately and as a matter of right to
elect a new President. If at the time the vacancy occurs, the Chamber
happens to be dissolved, the electoral bodies are summoned without delay
and, soon after the elections are held, the Chamber meets as a matter of
right.
Article 75. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 40)
The Chamber meeting to elect the President of the Republic constitutes an
electing body and not a deliberating assembly.
It must proceed solely, without delay or debate, with the election of the
Head of the State.
b) REVISION OF THE CONSTITUTION
Article 76. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 41)
The Constitution may be revised on the initiative of the President of the
Republic.
In this event, the government shall table before the Assembly a draft
constitutional law.
Article 77. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 42)
The Constitution may equally be revised on the initiative of the Chamber
of Deputies. This right is exercised in the following manner:
In the course of an ordinary session and on the proposal of at least ten
of its members, the Chamber may voice the desire, by a two-thirds majority
of the members legally composing it, that the Constitution should be
revised. The articles and questions covered by this desire are to be
specifically enumerated and clarified.
The Speaker conveys the wish to the Government, requesting it to lay down
a draft constitutional law.
If the Government approves the Assembly's desire, it must prepare the
relevant draft law and table it before the Assembly within four months; if
the Government is at variance with the Assembly, its desire is sent back
for a further deliberation. If the Chamber maintains its desire at a three
-quarters majority of the members legally composing it, the President of
the Republic is at liberty, either to acquiesce to the Assembly's desire,
or issue a decree of dissolution, and take steps for new elections within a
time-limit of three months.
Should the new Assembly insist on the need for revision, the Government is
compelled to acquiesce to the wish of the Assembly and to table a draft law
within a time-limit of four months.
c) OPERATION OF THE ASSEMBLY
Article 78. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
Article 43 )
When the draft constitutional law has been tabled before it, the Chamber
must engage itself in no other business but that of revision, until the
final vote.
It may not deliberate and vote except those articles and issues which have
been set down for the sake of limitation and clarified in the project duly
communicated.
Article 79. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 44)
The Chamber of Deputies, with a draft constitutional law before it, may
not validly deliberate and vote except when a two-thirds majority of the
members legally composing it attend. Deliberations are carried by a
two-thirds majority of the members legally composing the Assembly.
The President of the Republic is bound to promulgate the constitutional
law in the same conditions and forms as ordinary laws. He may within the
time-limit fixed for promulgation, require a new deliberation. This shall
equally be proceeded with by a two- thirds majority.
TITLE IV. - VARIOUS PROVISIONS
a) THE HIGHER COURT
Article 80. - (As modified by the constitutional Law of 17 October 1927,
article 45)
The Higher Court is composed of seven deputies elected by the Chamber of
Deputies and by eight of the highest Lebanese magistrates, selected by
order of hierarchy or, at equal rank, by order of seniority, under the
chairmanship of the top grade magistrate.
Verdicts of condemnation by the Higher Court are rendered by a
majority of six votes. A law shall determine the procedure to be
followed in this Court.
b) FINANCE
Article 81. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article l)
Taxes are established for public utility. No taxes may be levied in the
Lebanese Republic except in conformity with a uniform law applicable on the
whole territory without exception.
Article 82. - No tax may be modified or suppressed except by virtue of a
law.
Article 83. - Every year, early in the October session, the Government
submits to the Chamber of Deputies, for examination and approval, the
general budget of State revenue and expenditure for the following year. The
budget is voted article by article.
Article 84. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 46)
In the course of the budget debate and the discussion of the Bills
providing for the opening of supplementary and emergency credits, the
Chamber may not increase the credits proposed in the draft budget or in the
above-mentioned projects, either through amendment or through independent
proposals. But once this debate is over, the Assembly may pass laws
providing for new expenditures .
Article 85. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article l)
No emergency credit may be opened except by special law.
However, when unpredictable circumstances have made urgent expenditures
necessary, the President of the Republic may, by decree passed on the
favourable advice of the Council of Ministers, open emergency or
supplementary credits, or operate credit transfers. Such credits may not
exceed 15,000 pounds per article.
The measures so edicted are submitted to the ratification of the Chamber
at the first session following,
Article 86. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927, -
article 48)
If the Chamber of Deputies has not definitively dealt with the draft
project before the expiry of the session devoted to the examination of the
budget, the President of the Republic shall summon the Assembly to an
extraordinary session expiring at the end of January to proceed with the
budget debate; if at the end of that extraordinary session the budget has
not been finalised, the President of the Republic may, by decree passed on
the favourable advice of the Council of Ministers, make the draft budget
executory in the form in which it was tabled before the Chamber.
The President may not exercise this power except if the draft budget has
been tabled before the Chamber at least fifteen days before the beginning
of the session.
In the course of that extraordinary session, taxes, contributions, duties,
fees and other revenue continue to be levied as previously.
The expenditures of the month of January are initiated on the basis of the
provisional twelfth of the preceding financial year, increased by permanent
additional credits and reduced by the permanent credits withdrawn.
Article 87. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 17 October 1927,
article 49)
The final account of the finance administration for the closed financial
year must be submitted to the Chamber and approved before the promulgation
of the budget of the second financial year following that to which the
account refers. An Audit Department shall be created by special law.
Article 88. - No public loan and no commitment likely to burden the
Treasury may be transacted except by virtue of a law.
Article 89. - No concession aiming at the exploitation of a natural
resource of the country or a public utility service, nor any monopoly may
be granted except by virtue of a law and for a limited period.
TITLE V
Article 90. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 9 November 19 43,
article 4)
Article 91. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943,
article 4)
Article 92. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943,
article 4)
Article 93 - Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article 2)
Article 94. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943,
article 4)
TITLE VI. - FINAL AND TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
Article 95. - (As modified by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943,
article 5)
As a transitory measure and for the sake of even justice and concord, the
communities shall be equally represented in public posts and in ministerial
composition, without damage to State interest resulting therefrom.
Article 96. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article 2)
Article 97. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article 2)
Article 98. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article 2)
Article 99. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article 2)
Article 100. - (Abrogated by the constitutional law of 21 January 1947,
article 2)
Article 101. - As from 1 September 1926, the State of "Greater Lebanon"
shall bear the name of "Lebanese Republic", without change or modification
of any other kind.
Article 102 - (As modified by the constitutional law of 9 November 1943,
article 6)
All legislative provisions contrary to the present constitution are
abrogated
المفضلات